일반화학1 Chapter 1 정리

＃chemistry
Science that describes matter - its properties, the changes it undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany those processes
There are about five categories of chemistry: organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analysis chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry

#scientific method
observation > hypothesis > observation or experiment > theory > observation or experiment > law
cf) psudoscience / alchemist

1-1 Matter and Energy

1. Matter: anything that has mass and occupies space

2. Energy: the capacity to do work of transfer into heat
① kinetic / potential
② exothermic ↔ endothermic

3. Scientific (natural) law
a general statement based on the observed behavior of matter to which no exceptions are known
① Law of conservation of matter
② Law of conservation of energy
③ Law of conservation of matter and energy >> E=mc^2

1-2 Chemistry - A Molecular View of Matter

1. Dalton's atoms theory summarized the nature of matter as known in 1808… but not now! (p.6)

2. Solve words about atoms:
① atom, electron, proton, neutron
② atomic number(Z), molecule, symbol

1-3 States of Matter

1. There are three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas - they can convert into each other by physical changes.

1-4 Chemical and Physical Properties

1. Chemical properties: chemical changesex) chemistry reaction like rusting or oxidation

2. Physical properties: physical changesex) density, color, solubility, change of state, and etc.

1-5 Chemical and Physical Changes

1-6 Mixtures, Substances, Compounds, and Elements

1. (Pure) Substance: matter in which all samples have identical composition and properties

2. Elements: substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances via chemical reactions

3. Compounds